Study on the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum among water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in selected Barangays of Gonzaga, Cagayan
Paper Details
Study on the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum among water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in selected Barangays of Gonzaga, Cagayan
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the presence and distribution of Schistosoma japonicum in water buffalo in terms of the number of eggs present per sample, number of animals affected with the, parasite, level of infection of animals per area and a GIS mapping of the area where the parasite exists. It also determined possible association of infection with the age and sex of the animals. The study tested 480 heads of water buffalo from fourteen (14) barangays: San Jose, Baua, Sta. Maria, Cabiraoan, Sta. Cruz, Amunitan, Ipil, Magrafil, Tapel, Calayan, Sta. Clara, Pateng, Isca and Rebecca. Water buffaloes listed in recent health records of the Municipal Agriculture Office were selected and included in the study. The sex and age of the animals were recorded, and they were tested for infection prevalence of Fasciola and Schistosoma japonicum in terms of total count and number of eggs per gram. On the prevalence by number and percentage of animals affected, out of 480 heads, 400 were infected with Fasciola which comprises 83.68% of the total number of animals tested, while 109 heads were infected with S. japonicum which is 22.60% of the animals tested. There were animals infected with Fasciola alone, while others were infected with S. japonicum alone, while still others were infected by both parasites. All of the fourteen (14) barangays involved in the study were infected with Fasciola, while only ten (10) barangays were infected with S. japonicum. The age of the animal is positively related to the number of eggs per gram of S. japonicum but not with Fasciola, which means that the older the animal, the more severe the infection with S. japonicum. Infection prevalence of S. japonicum has nothing to do with Fasciola prevalence.
Belizario VY, Martinez RM, de Leon WU. 2005. Cagayan Valley: A newly described endemic focus for Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines. Philipp J Intern Med. 43, 117-22.
Dumag PU GC, Sena CY, Cardenas EC, Fementira EB. 1981. Epidemiology of animal schistosomiasis in the Philippines. The Philippine Journal of Animal Industry 36(36), 1–23.
Gordon CA, Acosta LP, Gray DJ. 2012. High Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum Infection in Carabao from Samar Province, the Philippines: Implications for Transmission and Control Published: September 20, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0001778
Guo J, Li Y, Gray D, Ning A, Hu G, Chen H. 2006. A drug-based intervention study on the importance of buffaloes for human Schistosoma japonicum infection around Poyang Lake, People’s Republic of China. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 74(2), 335–41. Hunter GW 3rd, Dillahunt JA, Dalton HC. 1950. The epidemiology of Schistosomais japonica in the Philippine Islands and Japan; surveys for Schistosomiasis japonica on Mindoro, P. I. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 30(3), 411–29.
Jiz M, Friedman JF, Leenstra T, Jarilla B, Pablo A, Langdon G, Pond-Tor S, Wu HW, Manalo D, Olveda R. 2009. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) responses to paramyosin predict resistance to reinfection with Schistosoma japonicum and are attenuated by IgG4. Infect. Immun. 77, 2051–2058.
Olveda DU, Li Y, Olveda RM, Lam AK, McManus DP, Chau TN. 2013. Bilharzia in the Philippines: past, present, and future. Int J Infect Dis. 18, 52–6.
Pesigan TP, Farooq M, Hairston NG, Jauregui JJ, Garcia EG, Santos AT. 1958. Studies on Schistosoma japonicum infection in the Philippines. 1. General considerations and epidemiology. Bull World Health Organ 18(3), 345–455.
Jiz M, Mingala C, Fu ZQ, Adriatico M, Lu K, Jarilla B, Sagliba M, Moreno A, Park S, Lin JJ, Olveda R, Kurtis JD, Wu HW. 2021. High prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum by perfusion in naturally exposed water buffalo in a region of the Philippines endemic for human schistosomiasis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 15(9):e0009796.
Vincent Jim P. Palor, 2024. Study on the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum among water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in selected Barangays of Gonzaga, Cagayan. Int. J. Biosci., 24(2), 157-165.
Copyright © 2024 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.